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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.
As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three environmental groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse regions.34 One species in the drywood group is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.
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Termites are generally small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The largest of extant termites would be the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring around over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1. )
Most worker and soldier termites are blind because they do not have a pair of eyes. However, some species, such as Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes that they utilize for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, more tips here a labium, and a pair of mandibles.
Consistent with insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a set of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to people in cockroaches but are somewhat more simplified. By he has a good point way of instance, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.
The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only for a brief amount of time, and therefore they also rely on their legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have bigger and heavier legs.
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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which can be present in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in many termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 the majority of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies indicate that in comparison to larger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.
Worker termites undertake the most labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The procedure for worker termites feeding different nestmates is known as trophallaxis.
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Some termite species do not own a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that do the same work without differentiating as a distinct caste.53.